Life Before Columbus

It appears that the average life span for male members of the "First Peoples", in the Americas, was about 26-years (Lower for women as is common in all early populations). The following factors, among others, seem to be basic to those "short, dirty and dark" lives:
1, Periodic periods of starvation as common to hunter-gatherer and marginal-farming societies (eg As based on one crop---Potatoes or Corn);
2. Deaths of women and new-born children aggravated by both such lack of proper foods and that same poor prevention of death as was, also, common in the West until c. 1900;
4. The most primitive of medical care as was also common in Europe until about the same time; And,
5. War and genocide as evidenced by such events as: "The dark and bloody ground" between the Eastern Northern and Southern First Nations; And, the "Flower Wars" of the "Aztecs" as were waged to allow its priests to rip the hearts of many thousands out of living humans or, skin alive, girls.

Since Columbus and others coming to The Americas, from Europe, were totally unaware of the nature of infectious diseases (ie Which, like, "The Black Death") also killed many of them. In fact, that plague killed off a very large part of Europe's population Lacking that knowledge Europeans had and do not have any moral guilt for those diseases which killed First Peoples.

Europeans did bring to the Americas: Better medicine; Better variations-in and distribution-of foods; The basics of Science as already was germinating in Europe; Such music and other arts as were welcomed by those First Peoples; And, perhaps greatest of all, LITERACY. (Before Columbus there were NO "vibrant" cultures in the Americas, but only very STAGNANT cultures and societies which, with the possible exception of the murderous "Aztecs", were NOT civilizations.

LEST WE FORGET, THE "FIRST PEOPLES" WERE ALSO IMMIGRANTS INTO THE AMERICAS.